December 14, 2025•Category: Uncategorized•
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Structure of Carbonyl Group Carbonyl group (>C=O) consists of one σ-bond and one π-bond. Carbon is sp2-hybridised; oxygen uses p-orbital. π-electron cloud...
December 14, 2025•Category: Uncategorized•
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Alcohols – Introduction Alcohols are derivatives of water in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkyl group. General formula: R–OH –OH group is...
December 14, 2025•Category: Uncategorized•
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Halogen Derivatives – Introduction Halogen derivatives are organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms of hydrocarbons are replaced by halogen...
December 14, 2025•Category: Uncategorized•
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Coordination Chemistry – Introduction Coordination chemistry is the branch of inorganic chemistry that deals with the study of coordination (complex)...
December 14, 2025•Category: Uncategorized•
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d-Block Elements (Transition Elements) d-Block elements are those in which the differentiating electron enters the (n−1)d subshell. General electronic...
December 14, 2025•Category: Uncategorized•
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Metallurgy: Key Definitions Metallurgy: methods of extraction of metals from ores and alloy formation. Minerals: compounds of metals found in earth’s crust...
December 14, 2025•Category: Uncategorized•
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Surface Chemistry – Introduction Surface chemistry deals with the nature of surfaces and the changes occurring at the surfaces of solids. Adsorption &...
December 14, 2025•Category: Uncategorized•
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Chemical Kinetics – Basics Chemical kinetics deals with the rate of chemical reactions, reaction mechanisms and the effect of factors such as concentration,...
Electrochemistry Basics Electrochemistry deals with the relationship between electrical energy and chemical energy changes in redox reactions. Electrical...
December 14, 2025•Category: Uncategorized•
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Methods of Expressing Concentration of Solution Concentration of solution = amount of solute dissolved in a known amount of solvent/solution. 1) Percentage...
